Simulation of FFF printing using thermoviscoelasticity to predict subsequent 4D effects
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4D printing with conventional thermoplastic filaments takes advantage of the polymer shape memory properties that arise during cooling in the glass transition region. The talk is about how this second order phase transition can be represented with classical thermoviscoelasticity. In addition, it will also be shown how a thermomechanically coupled FE simulation based on this material model can represent the FFF print process itself and subsequent 4D effects.